Open and endoscopic surgical approaches have similar five-year outcomes. Patients with moderate to severe disease should be considered for surgical evaluation. Most conservative treatments provide short-term symptom relief, with little evidence supporting long-term benefits. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, diuretics, and pyridoxine (vitamin B 6) have been shown to be no more effective than placebo. Cock-up and neutral wrist splints and oral corticosteroids are considered first-line therapies, with local corticosteroid injections used for refractory symptoms. Lifestyle modifications, including decreasing repetitive activity and using ergonomic devices, have been traditionally advocated, but have inconsistent evidence to support their effectiveness. Patients often experience hand numbness, tingling, pins and needles, electric shocks, and weakness when a nerve is pinched. Nerves are delicate and they do not like to be compressed. Six weeks to three months of conservative treatment can be considered in patients with mild disease. The carpal tunnel is naturally a tight space, and the median nerve is at risk for compression in this location. Treatment options are based on disease severity. Nerve conduction studies and electromyography can resolve diagnostic uncertainty and can be used to quantify and stratify disease severity. Physical examination findings, such as hypalgesia, square wrist sign, and a classic or probable pattern on hand symptom diagram, are useful in making the diagnosis. Symptoms are related to compression of the median nerve, which results in pain, numbness, and tingling. Although the cause is not usually determined, it can include trauma, repetitive maneuvers, certain diseases, and pregnancy. Its incidence in the workplace has reached epidemic proportions, comprising 40.8. At the base of the hand is a narrow place between bones and ligament. Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common problem with estimated annual incidence rate of 0.5-5. Symptoms include pain and paresthesias in the. Carpal tunnel syndrome is a localized peripheral neuropathy that affects the hands. Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common entrapment neuropathy, affecting approximately 3 to 6 percent of adults in the general population. Carpal tunnel syndrome is compression of the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel in the wrist.
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